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The History of Missouri
In 1821, Missouri entered the United States as the twenty-fourth state. Coming in as a slave state, a compromise was made saying that no state north of Missouri’s southern boarder, besides Arkansas, was allowed to enter the Union as a Slave State. Maine then entered the Union as a free state to balance out Missouri. Shortly after, in 1830, Missouri become popular and an increasing migration struck the state, doubling the population every decade. Between industry and growing agricultural, Missouri was now a buzzing state and was the ninth largest state. In 1831 a new machine descended the Missouri river. The first steamboat, the Independence, made its way down the river. The faster of the boats coasted $100,000 to &150,000. Shortly after, a steamboat, the White Cloud, caused a fire that destroyed twenty-three steamboats and twenty blocks of St. Louis. 1837 came around, Missouri’s capital, Jefferson city was burned down. Shortly after it’s reconstruction, it was burned down yet again, this time by lightening. Then, Governor Lilburn Boggs issued the Extermination Order. The extermination order demanded that members of the Mormon church leave the State. Then the Geyer Act was approved in 1839. The Geyer Act as the foundation of Missouri’s public school system.

A terrible epidemic struck St. Louis, Missouri in 1849. The second, and most serious, cholera epidemic came over the city. Over 4,000 people died. Cholera is an infection of the small intestine caused by the bacterium Vibrio Cholerae.

The Civil war came around in 1861. Missouri was a border state and wore both the confederate flag and the union. They sent armies, generals and supplies to both sides of the war. The first serious battle that Missouri had faced was on August 10, 1861, at Wilson's Creek, Missouri. By the time the war end, Missouri ended up sending about 110,000 troops for the Union and 40,000 to the confederate.

In 1865, slavery was abolished in Missouri by an ordinance of immediate emancipation. Missouri become the first slave state to emaciate it’s slaves before the adoption of the 13th Amendment to the Constitution.

History of America and beyond between 1830-1870.
In the 1830’s, the 2,000 mile long __//Oregon Trail//__ was beginning to come into use and many settlers were moving west to find gold and make a living for themselves out West. //__The Indian Removal Act__// was just starting. Many southerners supported the act for they longed for the use of the land the Indian’s were on. Slavery was very popular amongst the U.S. and in august 21st, 1831 there was a loc//al __Virginia Slave Rebellion__// which ended in 57 white citizens dead. In 1832, //__Andrew Jackson__// is reelected president and //__Martin Van Buren__// is elected vice president. A useful farming tool called __//the Reaper//__ was just made by Cyrus McCormick. It was a machine that made harvesting wheat easier and less strenuous because it didn’t have to be done by hand. A few inventions were put into retirement in the 1830’s too though. The iron clad, __//The Monitor//__,  was retired and put into retirement on June 24th, 1833. __//The Box Telephone, Electrical light, Morse code//__ <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">, <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">__//Sewing Machine//__ <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">, and the <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">__//Vacuum Evaporation Machine//__ <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">were all invented in the time span between 1830 and and 1880. In February 25th, 1837, the first //__electronic printing press__// is invented by //__Thomas Davenport.__// In 1836 //__Samuel Colt__// made the <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">__//Colt revolver//____//.//__ <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">In the same year //__Arkansas__// becomes a state. Just a year before, Andrew Jackson escapes an assassination attempt and lives to be president for another year. //__Michigan__// becomes a state in 1837. Starting in 1835 and lasting only one year, the //__Texas War for Independence__// is won by the Texans and in doing so, the Texans win their freedom from the Mexicans. //__Sam Houston__// was the General of the Texan Army during the conflict. The //__battle of the Alamo__// was fought in the //__Texas War for Independence__// in 1836. In 1837 //__Oberlin College__// was the first to enroll female students. In 1836 //__Martin Van Buren__// was elected president of the united states. Martin, after elected, carried out the <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">__//Specie Circular//__ <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">or Coinage Act. It required all payments for government land be in gold and silver. in 1835, the Seminole tribe resist relocation and the //__Second Seminole War__// begins. Later on In 1838, the forced relocation of the //__Cherokee Indians__// leads to over 4,000 deaths of the Cherokee people on the long walk to their new land. Their journey was known to us as the <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">__//Trail of Tears.//__ <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">In 1839, Jackson, Mississippi becomes the first town to allow women to own property. Throughout all of the 1830’s, German immigrants continue to enter the U.S. and with them, they bring along and introduce the tradition of decorating Christmas trees. In 1861 the //__Civil War__// began with the battle of //__Fort Sumter.__// There were over 200,000 deaths by the end of the war. In 1832, the //__Battle of Antietam__// is won by the Union and is considered a turning point in the war. //__The Union__// won and with that abolished slavery and kept the confederacy from splitting from the U.S. //__Abraham lincoln__// was the president during the conflict and soon after the war ended, Lincoln was shot in the back of the head in //__Ford's Theater__// by //__John Wilkes booth__//.

Samuel Longhorne Clemens, pen name Mark Twain, was an amazing person. He wrote 28 books, including “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer,” and” Huckleberry Fin.” They came out in 1876 and 1884. He was born in Florida, Missouri, on November 30th, 1835 the night Halley’s Comet appeared, and he was born to parents Jane Lampton and John Marshall, becoming their sixth child out of seven. He grew up in Hannibal, Missouri. At age 12 his father died and at 13 he joined with his brother in the newspaper working as a typesetter and contributor of article and humorous sketches for the Hannibal journal. In 1858 he became a river pilot for steam boats, during that time, he convinced his brother Henry to become a river pilot. Mark had a dream about Henry’s death. Henry’s boat, the Pennsylvania’s, boiler exploded, killing Henry and everyone on the boat just as Mark predicted. Mark was a river pilot until the Civil War broke out in 1861. He served as a confederate soldier. After the confederate army, he moved to Nevada where he worked as a miner. On February 2nd 1870, he married Olivia Lampton; he had three daughters and a son. His son was Langdon and his daughter’s names were Susy, Clara, and Jean. Clara was the only daughter that outlived him; she only had one daughter who died before she could have any children. When Mark lost three of his four children and his wife, the Rodgers family became sort of a surrogate family for him, and he dropped into a deep depression. Mark predicted in 1909 he would die when the next Halley’s Comet passed over. In April 21st, 1910 just as he predicted, Halley’s Comet passed over and he passed away.
 * The History of Mark Twain (Samuel Longhorne Clemens)**

sagacity: pays attention to detail lam: to flee hastily/ to beat. diligence:persevering. unalloyed -to be absolute, fine, and neat. sidling -to move or turn sideways. glowering -to stare at with anger. derision- ridicule or mockery. ambuscade- an ambush or trap. adamantine- unyielding or firm in attitude or opinion. reposeful- peace or tranquility. contemplate- to think or ponder about something. dilapidated- to be decayed or deteriorated. intrepid- to be brave or bold, to have no fear. virtuous- Exhibiting or having virtue; good honorable or nice behavior. flourish- To grow greatly or thrive. clod: A lump of dirt. eminence: A high authority. evanescent- vanishing or fading away. furtive:done with stealth. tarry -to purposely become tardy. audacious- reckless or extremely bold. amiss- wrong, incorrect or faulty. morosely- having a sullen or gloomy. felicity- Being happy or causing happiness. martyr: A person who dies for what they believe in. benediction:the invocation of a blessing. traversing -a way over or across something. disconcerted- embarrassed or confused. prodigious- wonderful or marvelous. effusion- Having a unstrained expression of words or feelings
 * Vocabulary**

=Vocabulary Chapter 12-15= alloy- to mix or blend. clandestinely- secret or concealed. avariously- petrified- to be converted into stone. consternation- dread that results in confusion. inveterate- established by long continuance. phrenological- The study of the making of the brain based on the belief of mental power and character. rendezvous- a computer software project pone- a type of bread or cake. varnished- A surface coated with a hard glossy film. festooning- to decorate with style purloined- Violation of Trust sullied- to make soiled or tarnished conflagration-uncontrolled burning credulous- Ready to believe anything. ravenous- a movie regalia- special or fancy clothes sumptuously- Magnificent or expensive. sullen- Gloomy or depressed notoriety- the quality or state of being notorious illustrious- derision- ridicule or mockery. inestimable yawl- a small boat. thwarts- To stop or prevent an occurrence or plan.